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The branch of science dealing with the observations
and laws relating electricity to magnetism. Electromagnetism
is based upon the fundamental observations that a moving
electric charge produces a magnetic field and that a charge
moving in a magnetic field will experience a force.
The magnetic field produced by a current is related to the
current, the shape of the conductor, and the magnetic properties
of the medium around it by Ampère's law.
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The magnetic field at any point is described in terms of the force
that it exerts upon a moving charge at that point. The electrical
and magnetic units are defined in terms of the ampere, which in
turn is defined from the force of one current upon another. The
association of electricity and magnetism is also shown by electromagnetic
induction, in which a changing magnetic field sets up an electric
field within a conductor and causes the charges to move in the conductor.
mechanics
Science of the action of forces on material bodies. It forms
a central part of all physical science and engineering. Beginning
with Newton's laws of motion in the 17th century, the theory has
since been modified and expanded by the theories of quantum mechanics
and relativity. Newton's theory of mechanics, known as classical
mechanics, accurately represented the effects of forces under
all conditions known in his time. It can be divided into statics,
the study of equilibrium, and dynamics, the study of motion caused
by forces. Though classical mechanics fails on the scale of atoms
and molecules, it remains the framework for much of modern science
and technology.
The word hotel derives from the French hôtel,
which referred to a French version of a townhouse or any other
building seeing frequent visitors, not a place offering accommodation
(in contemporary usage, hôtel has the meaning of "hotel",
and hôtel particulier is used for the old meaning). The
French spelling was once also used in English, but is now rare.
The circumflex replaces the 's' once preceding the 't' in the
earlier hostel spelling, which over time received a new, but closely
related meaning.
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